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Health Science

About Ecology Style

Ecology Style is a citation style used by the academic journal Ecology from the Ecological Society of America. 

In-text Citations

When you reference another source use an in-text citation in the body of your paper. 

Basic Format:
(Author's Last Name(s) Year).

I'm citing...

1 Author or No Author

You only need the author's last name and the year in parentheses.

(Allgeier 2022)

2 Authors

Connect both authors' last names with and, and include the year in parentheses.

(Hoepner and Fobert 2022)

3 or More Authors

Use the first author's last name and et al., and include the year in parentheses.

(Mukai et al. 2022)

Literature Cited

I'm citing a...

Journal Article

  1. Author(s). Note: Use the format Last name, First name initial. Middle name initial (if any). If there are multiple authors, list all subsequent authors by First name initial. Middle name initial. Last name. Use and before the last author's name.
  2. Publication year.
  3. Title of the article. Note: Only the first word of the title and any proper names are capitalized.
  4. Title of the Journal Note: Do not italicize.
  5. volume #: Note: Do not italicize. You do not need to include the issue number if there is one.
  6. page range xxx-xxx.
  7. [doi: xxxxxxxxxxxx]. Note: There may not be a DOI.
Harville, E. W., G. Giarratano, J. Savage, V. Barcelona de Mendoza, and T. Zotkiewicz. 2015. Birth outcomes in a disaster recovery environment: New Orleans women after Katrina. Maternal and Child Health Journal 19: 2512–2522. [doi: 10.1007/s10995-015-1772-4].

Book

Book
  1. Author(s). Note: Use the format Last name, First name initial. Middle name initial (if any). If there are multiple authors, list all subsequent authors by First name initial. Middle name initial. Last name. Use and before the last author's name.
  2. Publication year.
  3. Title of the book. Note: Do not use italics. Only the first word and any proper nouns are capitalized.
  4. Publisher, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication.
David, E., and E. P. Enarson. 2012. The women of Katrina: how gender, race, and class matter in an American disaster. Vanderbilt University Press, Nashville, TN, USA.

Book Chapter/Encyclopedia Entry

  1. Author(s) of the Chapter. Note: Use the format Last name, First name initial. Middle name initial (if any). If there are multiple authors, list all subsequent authors by First name initial. Middle name initial. Last name. Use and before the last author's name.
  2. Publication year.
  3. Title of the chapter. Note: Only the first word and any proper nouns are capitalized.
  4. Pages xx-xx Note: If there are no page numbers, you can exclude it.
  5. in First name initial. Middle name initial. Last name, and First name initial. Middle name inital. Last name, editors.
  6. Title of the book. Note: Do not italicize. Only the first word and any proper nouns are capitalized.
  7. Edition and/or Volume. Note: Spell out number and edition/volume.
  8. Publisher, City of publication, State of publication, Country of publication. Note: You may need to Google the location of the publisher.

 

Regenstein, L. G., and W. A. Atkins. 2019. Love canal. Pages 585-589 in J. L. Longe, editor. The gale encyclopedia of environmental health. Second edition, volume one. Gale, Farmington Hills, Michigan, USA.