An algorithm is a set of directions or a formula, often for a machine to execute. We have algorithms that determine credit scores, Google search rankings, Spotify discover playlists, and even how results are ordered in library databases. Algorithms can reflect the biases of their creators and the larger world they occupy perpetuating societal biases such as racism and sexism.
In library databases we usually encounter two types of biases: content and indexing. Content bias is what sources were selected to include in the database, these are often peer-reviewed scholarly sources, part of a scholarly communication system, where many studies document racism and sexism in the peer-review process. Indexing biases occur when subjects or keywords are assigned that provide moral, social, or political commentary on the information source.
For a more detailed analysis of algorithmic biases check out Matthew Reidsma's article "Algorithmic Bias in Library Discovery Systems" and Dr. Safiya Noble's book "Algorithms of Oppression: How Search Engines Reinforce Racism as introductions to this topic.
If you don't see a PDF button or icon, look for a "Find@CSUDH" button on the left side of the page. This will search our full-text options for anywhere we might have the article (such as another database) in a separate page.
Look for your access options in the top right of each article page. Use the Find@CSUDH and "Free PMC Article" to find resources for free through the CSUDH Library. PubMed also provides links to the publisher to pay for the article.
Google Scholar is a search tool where you can find scholarly sources like peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, theses, and books with Google's simple look and feel. Add CSUDH in Library Links to connect Google Scholar to OneSearch to get the full text through our library subscriptions. You can also use Google Scholar to find freely available PDFs, trace citations, look up authors profiles and journal metrics, and generate a citation.
Watch VideoIn PsycINFO you will find options to narrow your search by age of the population studied, methodology, and gender on the left side of your results page. Click on any of the options to expand and select checkboxes. Using methodology is a great way to narrow to just empirical articles or just literature reviews for background research.
In PsycINFO & PubMed look for the official tags for what the article is about underneath the abstract. These will often be listed as "subject terms" or "MeSH terms" and use the professional language for the concepts in the article. Clicking on any of the terms will lead you to more articles on the same topic. This can be especially useful depending on your topic. For example, if you use "shopping addiction" as a keyword you will find that most of the articles are tagged with "behavior, addictive" and/or "compulsive shopping." Using the official term of "Behavior, addictive" or "compulsive shopping" will help you find more relevant results you may not have found otherwise.
Access all these databases and more on the library's Article Databases webpage where you can sort all 200+ databases by subject and material type.